TransJakarta
Schematic route map of current & future corridors.
TransJakarta is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Jakarta,
Indonesia. It was the first BRT system in Southern and Southeast Asia. The
TransJakarta system began operations on January 25, 2004. As of February 14,
2013 the 12th corridor was added officially, with 3 more currently corridors in
progress. TransJakarta was designed to provide Jakarta citizens with a fast
public transportation system to help reduce rush hour traffic. The buses run in
special lanes and ticket prices are subsidized by the regional government. At
the 10th years of TransJakarta operation anniversary, the buses carried more
than 350,000 passengers per day with more than 500 buses in operation and more
than a hundred in maintenace and for reserve.[1] The subsidy per
passenger-ticket in 2011 was around Rp 2,900 ($0.29) and for 2012 the subsidy
is expected be around Rp 2,100 ($0.21) per passenger-ticket.[2] Currently
TransJakarta has the world's longest BRT routes (172 km in length).
Characteristics
The characteristics of TransJakarta as listed in an Asian
Development Bank study were
Closed Trunk System without a Feeder System
Elevated Platform for Rapid Boarding and Alighting
Public Sector Bus Procurement and Private Sector Bus
Operation
Operating at 65,000 passengers/day (higher than projected)
(2004)
History and problems
TransJakarta bus on the dedicated bus lane
The first TransJakarta line opened to the public on January
15, 2004. Following two weeks in which it was free to use, commercial
operations started on February 1, 2004.
TransJakarta was built to provide a fast, comfortable, and
affordable mass transportation system. To accomplish those objectives, the
buses were given lanes restricted to other traffic and separated by concrete
blocks on the streets that became part of the busway routes.
There were some initial teething problems, such as when the
roof of one of the buses rammed into a railway tunnel. In addition, many buses
had technical issues such as broken doors and stop buttons.
In order to promote gender equity, TransJakarta is
increasing the number of female driver recruits. The projected proportion is
30% of the total.
The buses run along the following routes:
January 15, 2004: Koridor 1, Blok M to Kota (soft launch)
February 1, 2004: Koridor 1, Blok M to Kota (commercial
service)
January 15, 2006: Koridor 2 (Pulo Gadung to Harmoni) and
Koridor 3 (Kalideres to Pasar Baru) opened
January 27, 2007: Koridor 4, (Pulo Gadung to Dukuh Atas 2),
Koridor 5 (Kp. Melayu to Ancol), Koridor 6 (Halimun to Ragunan) and Koridor 7
(Kampung Rambutan to Kampung Melayu) opened
February 21, 2009: Koridor 8 (Lebak Bulus to Harmoni) opened
December 31, 2010: Koridor 9, (Pluit to Pinang Ranti) and
Koridor 10 (PGC Cililitan to Tanjung Priok) opened.
March 18, 2011 Koridor 9 was the solely corridor served
until 11.00 pm. Followed by Koridor 1, with intersection with Corridor-9 at
Semanggi shelter, but not all of shelters serve in this program.[4][5]
May 20, 2011 Corridor-2 and Corridor-3 initialized to serve
until 11.00pm, but only open 9 shelters out of 22 on Corridor-2 and 9 out of 13
shelters on Corridor-3 remain open during the extended hours.[6]
July 1, 2011 Corridors-4 to 7 have already began with the
late night service, so all corridors now has already deployed late night
service, except Corridor-8.[7]
September 28, 2011 the feeders have been launched with Route
1 from West Jakarta Municipal Office to Daan Mogot, Route 2 from Tanah Abang to
Medan Merdeka Selatan and Route 3 from SCBD to Senayan. The fare will be
Rp.6,500 ($0.72), which cover tickets for both the feeder service and
TransJakarta buses.[8]
December 13, 2011: Transjakarta began separate male and
female passengers, as is done by pt kai commuter jabodetabek. The woman-only
areas located between middle door and driver cabins.
December 28, 2011: Corridor 11th Kp. Melayu-Pulo Gebang
opened.
February 14, 2013: Corridor 12th Pluit - Tanjung Priok is
officially opened.
Accidents and incidents
From January to July 2010 there were 237 accidents involving
TransJakarta buses, resulting in 57 injuries and eight deaths. Accidents
occurred due to pedestrians crossing the busway and cars making u-turns. In
2011, in an effort to stop non TransJakarta vehicles using the bus lanes, the
Jakarta Police Chief suggested that TransJakarta buses should run against the
direction of traffic flow.[9] Usually non-TransJakarta vehicles used busway
lanes during peak hours between 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. to 7 p.m.[10]
On January 12, 2012 a policeman from Indonesian Police
Headquarters, who is hired by Securicor, fired his gun near the ear of a
TransJakarta officer, after threatening to kill him. The policeman was angry
after the TransJakarta officer stopped the Securicor car from entering the
busway lane which only allows TransJakarta buses, ambulances and firefighter to
enter. The police spokesman said that the policeman will be charged by criminal
law or disciplinary sanction.[11][12][13]
Hijack
On March 12, 2012 four TransJakarta buses were hijacked by
alleged university students at the Medan Merdeka Selatan street. The buses were
then driven to the front of the Universitas Kristen Indonesia (Christian
University of Indonesia) campus. Three drivers were able to escape from their
buses, but one driver was prevented from leaving and forced to drive the
hijackers to their destination. Bus' fire extinguishers, glass-breaking hammers
and driver's jackets were also taken.[14]
Buses
Each bus is constructed with passengers' safety in mind. For
example the body frame is constructed using Galvanyl (Zn - Fe Alloy), a strong
and rust-resistant metal. There are also eight or ten glass-shattering hammers
mounted on some of the window frames, and three emergency doors for fast
evacuation during an emergency. There are also two fire extinguisher at the
front and back of the buses.
The Mercedes-Benz OH and Hino RG air-conditioned buses are
painted red and yellow, with a picture of a young Brahminy Kite, which looks
very similar to a bald eagle grasping a tree branch with three snakefruit on
it. The buses use special fuel which is (a mix of diesel and biodiesel). For
Corridor 2 (bus colors: blue and white) and 3 (bus colors: yellow and red), the
buses are CNG-fueled Daewoo buses imported from South Korea. Due to various
coachbuilders being involved and design tweaks applied over time, the exterior
and interior appearance, quality, and comfort varies between busses operating
in the same corridor.
The capacity of each bus is 30 seated and 55 standing
passengers, though during rush hours these numbers are often exceeded by up to
80 passengers per bus.
TransJakarta also operates Chinese-made Huanghai, Zhongtong,
Ankai, local-made Komodo and Inobus articulated buses on long and straight
corridors, such as Corridor 5.[15]
The passenger doors are higher than on normal buses so that
passengers can only board from designated shelters. The doors employ automated
folding mechanisms which can be manually controlled by the driver. Because the normal
folding doors cannot open properly when the bus is overcrowded, buses on
corridors II and III use sliding doors in order to accommodate the surge of
passengers during rush hours. Protective full-height acrylic glass barriers are
installed behind passenger seats close to the sliding door mechanism.
Seats in all buses face the aisle to optimize passengers'
movement during rush hours. Corridor 1 buses use comfortable cushioned bus
seats, the buses from subsequent corridors have less cushioned, hence less
comfortable, seats.
Each bus is equipped with an electronic board and speakers
that announce the name of shelters in two languages, Indonesian and English.
Each bus is also equipped with a bi-directional radio transceiver to allow the
driver to provide and recaive updated information regarding traffic jams, road
accidents or lost items.
To keep the air fresh, especially during rush hours each bus
is equipped with automatic air freshener dispensers which periodically spray
car fragrance.
In August 2011, TransJakarta operator has installed cameras
on one bus for a trial period. The plan is to install 4 cameras on all buses
gradually in efforts to improve services such as to inform passengers waiting
for buses about how crowded approaching buses are and prevent sexual harassment
on its service.
Shelters
View from the Shelter's stairs.
TransJakarta shelters are different from ordinary bus stops.
They are usually located in the middle of the road and are reached by elevated
bridges. The stop in front of the well-known Sarinah shopping center on Jl
Thamrin in Central Jakarta has elevators.
The shelters are made of from aluminum, steel, and glass.
Air ventilation works through fins on the aluminum part of the shelters. Floors
are made from tread plate. The doors of shelters open automatically when a bus
arrives. Some of the connecting elevated bridge ramps have gentle slopes (with
some exceptions) to accommodate the disabled. One disadvantage of some of the
ramps is that passengers need to walk a relatively long way up the ramps and
then double back to reach the boarding shelters. The floors of the bridge are
mostly tread plates although some are made from concrete. One problem with the
tread plate is that considerable noise is generated by the movement of
passengers across the tread plate surfaces. Another problem is that some of the
tread plate surfaces can become very slippery during the rainy season. There
are no sanitary facilities in most of the shelters.
Bus stops are open from 05:00 – 22:00 although opening hours
can be extended if there are passengers still waiting at closing time. Shelters
often become extremely overcrowded because of long and sometimes unpredictable
intervals between buses. According to a report from the Indonesian Consumers
Protection Foundation in 2011, the most common complaint from passengers about
the service offered by Transjakarta was the lengthy waiting time for buses at
some of the main shelters.
A free daily internal bulletin, 'Trans Kota', is
occasionally available at selected shelters. The content includes sport,
showbusiness, crime, health, various tips and tricks, consumer information and
TransJakarta news.
The large Harmoni Central Busway (HCB) shelter on Jalan
Gadjah Mada, Central Jakarta, is built over the Ciliwung River. It is a transit
point between Corridors 1, 2, and 3. This 500-person shelter has six doors.
Although many trees had to be sacrificed during the construction of it, an old
banyan tree was not chopped down because it was considered rich in historical
value. However, in October 2006 this tree was vandalized by people from the
Pemuda Persatuan Islam religious group. Their motive was to show that the tree
does not possess supernatural qualities.
Ticketing and fares
A gate to check tickets.
The cost of a TransJakarta ticket since its initial
operation is a flat rate of Rp 2,000 ($0.22) at concessional times (05.00a.m.
to 07.00a.m.) and Rp 3,500 (about 30 US cents) all other times. Passengers who
wish to change direction or transit to other corridors do not need to pay
again, provided they do not exit the shelter. An exception is in effect at the
line terminus.
Passengers can purchase a single paper ticket at the ticket
booth in the shelter. It is also possible to pay the fare by tapping a card
provided by numerous major banks that can be used as a debit card as well. [18]
Passengers
During rush hours, people from upper or middle classes (one
of the main targets of TransJakarta) usually prefer to use private cars or
taxis to avoid inconvenience of the overcrowded Transjakarta buses even though
they have to bear with traffic jams instead. Many passengers are thus
lower-middle-class people who are ex-users of other less comfortable and/or
more expensive commercial buses.
This situation is at odds with one of the initial objectives
of TransJakarta which was to reduce traffic jam during rush hours by persuading
private car owners to use comfortable public transport.
There is a special program for the student groups called
Transjakarta goes to school. Participants in program there are assigned a
dedicated bus. The aim is to train students to stand in line, be decent, and
prefer public transport than personal vehicles.
Routes
Main article: TransJakarta Corridors
There are 12 active corridors and 3 more being planned:[19]
Corridor 1: Kota - Blok M [20][21]
Corridor 2: Pulo Gadung - Harmoni
Corridor 3: Kalideres - Pasar Baru
Corridor 4: Pulo Gadung - Dukuh Atas 2
Corridor 5: Ancol - Kampung Melayu
Corridor 6: Dukuh Atas 2 - Ragunan
Corridor 7: Kampung Melayu - Kampung Rambutan
Corridor 8: Lebak Bulus - Harmoni
Corridor 9: Pluit - Pinang Ranti
Corridor 10: Tanjung Priok - PGC 2
Corridor 11: Kampung Melayu - Pulo Gebang
Corridor 12: Pluit - Tanjung Priok [22][23]
Corridor 13: Blok M - Pondok Kelapa - (Planned Operation on
2014)
Corridor 14: Manggarai - University of Indonesia (Planned
Operation on 2015)
Corridor 15: Ciledug - Blok M (Planned Operation on 2015)
In addition to the 15 main corridors, TransJakarta, in
cooperation with other public transportation companies, provides feeder buses
to passengers from suburbs outside Jakarta to a bus terminus.
sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransJakarta
